Published Research and Analysis Funded by the Center for Institutional Courage
Table of Contents
Selected Peer-Reviewed Research Reports by Courage Team
Selected Published Analysis from Courage Team
Published Peer-Reviewed Research Funded by Courage Grants
Conference Presentations of Research Funded by Courage Grants
1. Selected Peer-Reviewed Research Reports by Courage Team
Adams-Clark, A. A., Barnes, M. L., Lind, M. N., Smidt, A. M., & Freyd, J. J. (2026). Institutional courage attenuates the association between institutional betrayal and trauma symptoms among campus sexual assault survivors, Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. 2026 Mar;18(3):681-690. doi: 10.1037/tra0001812. Epub 2024 Dec 5. PMID: 39636591.
Durland, M., Harsey, S., & Freyd, J.J. (2026) Assessing Perpetrator Responses to Confrontation: Associations with a DARVO-SF and Post-trauma Symptoms in Two Different Populations. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation. 27, 221-237. (Published online in 2025 ahead of print.) DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2025.2599757.
Adams-Clark, A. A. & Freyd, J. J. (2026). Contextual Factors Associated with Posttraumatic Stress Among Campus Sexual Assault Survivors. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 27:2, 238-256. DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2026.2613393.
Corbett C, Warner MO, Harsey SJ, Freyd JJ (2026) Sexual harassment at work: Targets’ perspectives on prevention and response. PLoS One 21(7): e0352783. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0352783
Adams-Clark, A.A., Harsey, S., & Freyd, J. J. (2024). Factors of institutional betrayal associated with posttraumatic stress symptoms and barriers to service use among campus sexual assault survivors. Psychological Law and Injury,, 17, 383-397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12207-024-09524-5
Gómez, J. M., & Gobin, R. L. (2024). “It will always feel worse because it comes with that added ‘betrayal’”: Intersectionality praxis and Black young women survivors’ perspectives on cultural betrayal trauma theory. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 25(5), 656-673. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2024.2383197
Smidt A.M., Adams-Clark A.A., Freyd J.J. (2023) Institutional courage buffers against institutional betrayal, protects employee health, and fosters organizational commitment following workplace sexual harassment, PLOS ONE 18(1): e0278830. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278830
Harsey, S., Adams-Clark, A.A., & Freyd, J. J. (2024). Associations between defensive victim-blaming responses (DARVO), rape myth acceptance, and sexual harassment. PLOS ONE. e0313642. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0313642.
Media Coverage of Harsey, Adams-Clark, & Freyd (2024) Research: Commonly used defense tactic strongly correlates with acceptance of rape myths – study by Martin Pengelly, The Guardian, 4 December 2024.
Bloom, B. E., & Gómez, J. M. (2024). Barriers to help-seeking among Black American young adults: Exploring the roles of sexual violence victimization, intersectional oppression, and perceived burdensomeness. Advanced online publication. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2024.2407768
Gómez, J. M., & Partridge, T. (2024). But is it okay? The need to still ask Black/African American mothers about violence exposure during the COVID-19 worldwide pandemic. Global Journal of Community Psychology Practice, 14(3), 1-21. Preprint. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/pa6ek
Becker-Blease, K. & Freyd, J.J. (2023). Institutionalizing Courage to Create a Safer Community. In E. Ray (Ed.), Handook of Higher Education Leadership. Oregon State University.
Harsey, S. & Freyd, J.J. (2023). The Influence of Deny, Attack, Reverse Victim and Offender and Insincere Apologies on Perceptions of Sexual Assault. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. Vol. 38(17-18) 9985-10008 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231169751
Noll, L., Harsey, S. J., & Freyd, J. J. (2022). Assessment of attitudes toward Internet pornography in emerging adults using the Internet Pornography Questionnaire. Computers in Human Behavior, 131, Article 107231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107231
Gómez, J. M. (2022). Campus sexual harassment, other violence, and racism, oh my! Evidence from Black women undergraduates for a culturally competent university approach to Title IX. Feminist Criminology, 17(3), 368-383. https://doi.org/10.1177/15570851211062574
2. Selected Published Analysis from Courage Team
Harsey, S. & Freyd, J.J. (2026) Trump and Vance are using this abuser's tactic to rewrite a terrible crime, Raw Story, 15 January 2026.
Freyd, J. J. & Casper, M.J. (2025). Replace betrayal with courage: Release all of the Epstein Files, The Hill, 16 September 2025.
Harsey, S. & Freyd, J.J. (2025) Trump’s tariff gaslighting has a name: It’s DARVO, The Hill, 9 April 2025.
Gómez, J. M. (2023). When enough became too much: Institutional betrayal, resignation, & institutional courage for change. ADVANCE Journal [Special Issue: Academic Trauma and Institutional Betrayal], 4(1), 1-18. https://www.advancejournal.org/article/88036
Gomez, J.M, Freyd, J.J., Delva, J, Tracy, B., Mackenzie, L.N., Ray, V., & Weathington, B. (2023). Institutional Courage in Action: Racism, Sexual Violence, and Concrete Institutional Change [Editorial]. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 24, 157-170, DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2023.2168245
Harsey, S. & Freyd, J.J. (2023). Former MSU football coach Mel Tucker uses toxic tactic to defend himself, USA Today, 13 October 2023.
Lewis, R.E., Smith, D.G., Jain, S., Johnson, W.B., & Freyd, J.J. (2022) Who's Really the Victim Here? It's time to end DARVO behavior in the healthcare workplace, MedPage Today, 2 June 2022.
Harsey, S. & Freyd, J.J. (2022) Defamation and DARVO [Editorial]. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation,23, 481-489, DOI: 10.1080/15299732.2022.2111510
Harsey, S. & Freyd, J.J. (2022) Deny, Attack, Blame: The Prosecution of Women Reporting Rape, MsMagazine.com, 28 November 2022.
Gómez, J. M., Gobin, R. L., & Barnes, M. (2021). Discrimination, violence, and healing within marginalized communities. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 22(2), 135-140. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2021.1869059
3. Published Peer-Reviewed Research Funded by Courage Grants
Holland, K. J., Howard Valdivia, R. L., Goodman-Williams, R., Rieger, A., O’Connor, J., Hutchison, E. Q., Allen, N. E., Ahrens, C. E. (2026). Title IX practitioners’ perceptions of two college sexual assault mandatory reporting policy approaches. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/asap.70087
Goertzen, G. Copello, E. & Yancey, G. (2025). Collateral damage: Qualitative descriptions of betrayal, loss, and grief associated with domestic violence and the family system. Family Sciences, 1(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/famsci1020013
Lai, J., Park, E., Lee, J., Gandhi, R., & Wagman, J. (2025). Navigating silence: Cultural, familial, and immigration influences on the sexual violence experiences of Asian female college students in the University of California system. BMC Public Health, 25, Article 3242. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-24487-1
Park, E., Lai, J., Gandhi, R., et al. (2025). Double jeopardy study protocol: Mixed-methods study to understand ANHPI college students at the intersection of sexual violence and anti-Asian racism after COVID-19. BMC Public Health, 25, Article 4275. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-25533-8
Gallo, M.L., Hammond, M.A., Luther, S., Rodriguez, G., Sinclair, J., Nese, R. N.T., McWhirter Boisen, M.R., Steffes, S., Muruthi, J.R., Seeley, J.R. (2025). Institutional Betrayal and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors: A Retrospective Examination of LGBTQ School Experiences. Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk, Volume 14, Issue 1 . https://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/childrenatrisk/vol14/iss1/4/
Goertzen, G. L. & Yancey, G. (2025). Church-related institutional betrayal and institutional courage in domestic violence: As viewed through a qualitative lens. Religions, 16(5), 638. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16050638
Freetly Porter, E., Mendoza, M., Deng, M., Horwitz, S., Soltys, M., & Hattery, A. (2024). Institutional Betrayal and Race in the Civil Legal System: A Latent Class Analysis with Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence. Race and Justice. DOI:10.1177/21533687241277254
Freetly Porter, E., Mendoza, M., Deng, M., Kiss., Mirance, K., Foltz, K., & Hattery, A. (2024). Institutional Betrayal in the Criminal and Civil Legal Systems: Exploratory Factor Analysis with a Sample of Black and Hispanic Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence. Journal of interpersonal violence. DOI:10.1177/08862605241253030
O’Callaghan, E., Ducat, C., Lorenz, K. & Shepp, V. (2024). Improving Workplace Response to Sexual Assault: Recommendations from Survivors. Employee Responsibility and Rights Journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10672-024-09524-2
Coe, K., Melton, H. C., Linder, C., Richards, J. L., Hills, W., & Moore, A. (2024). College students’ perceptions of a Clery timely warning about sexual assault. Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice. Online first. https://doi.org/10.1080/19496591.2024.2420125
Linder, C., Melton, H., Hills, W., Coe, K., Richards, J., & Moore, A. (2024). Exploring the impact of Clery sexual assault warnings on a campus community. Journal of Higher Education. Online first. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2024.2378639
Viveiros, N. M., Torres, G., & Hutchison, E. (2024) “Legislation Isn’t All That Negatively Impacts DEI practitioners,” Inside Higher Ed, 16 August 2024. https://www.insidehighered.com/opinion/career-advice/conditionally-accepted/2024/08/16/challenges-dei-practitioners-experience#
4. Conference Presentations of Research Funded by Courage Grants
Goertzen, G. (2026, May 18-21). Addressing the variety of institutional betrayals in cases of domestic violence. Conference on Crimes Against Women. Dallas, TX, USA. https://conferencecaw.org/registration-2026/
Goertzen, G. (2025, October 14). Institutional betrayal and faith communities. Too Close to Home Conference. Longview, TX, USA. https://www.tooclosetohomeetx.com/home-2
Goertzen, G. (2025, August 18-19). Institutional betrayal and courage: How faith communities respond to domestic violence. 30th Annual IVAT Conference. San Diego, CA, USA. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5dab45989a9f9f7b4aa96521/t/68ee7b41e102b7293f41ae2b/1760459585040/30%2BSD%2BSummary%2BReport%2BFinal.pdf
Holland, K. J., Howard Valdivia, R. L., & Goodman-Williams, R. (2026, June 26-28). Examining Sexual Assault Mandatory Reporting Policy Outcomes in Higher Education. Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues. New Orleans, LA, USA. https://www.spssi.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=Page.ViewPage&PageID=3085
Warner, M.O. (2026, August 10). “The Birth System is Broken”: Healthcare Providers and the Marginalization of Pregnant People’s Birth Preferences. American Sociological Association Annual Meeting, New York, NY, USA. https://convention2.allacademic.com/one/asa/asa26/
Rupcic, S., Mitchell, S., Dichter, M., Borrero, S., & Quinn, D. (2026, March 20). "'We Don't Represent the Abusers': Legal Abuse and How Healthcare and Legal Service Providers Mitigate Its Effects." Society for Applied Anthropology Annual Meeting. Albuquerque, NM, USA. https://appliedanthro.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/SfAA-2026-Program.pdf
Rupcic, S., Mitchell, S., Quinn, D., Dichter, M., Borrero, S. (2025, May 2). Systems for Coordinating Medical-Legal Partnerships for Patients Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence: Qualitative Lessons from the Veterans Health Administration. CONVERGE. University of Goertzen, G. (2025, May 19-20). Institutional betrayal and faith communities. Conference on Crimes Against Women. Dallas, TX, USA. https://conferencecaw.org/
Viveiros, N., Torres, M.G., & Hutchison, E. (2025). “When University Non-Discrimination Practitioners are the Target Of Harassment.” Presented to the Higher Education Recruitment Consortium (HERC).
Howard Valdivia, R. L., Holland, K. J., & Goodman-Williams, R. (2025, June 20). Title IX Practitioner’s Perspectives of University Sexual Misconduct Reporting Policy Approaches: A Mixed Method Examination of Policy Preference. Society for Community Research and Action Conference. Lansing, Michigan, USA. https://scra27.org/biennial-2025/
Lai, J., Park, E., Lee, J., Gandhi, R., Logan, M., Massey, A., & Wagman, J. (2025). Understanding Sexual Violence and Harassment Experiences Among Asian Female Students: A Qualitative Study at University of California. Oral Presentation, SSWR Annual Conference.
Lai, J., Park, E., Nguyen, G., Dou, S., Massey, A., Logan, M., & Wagman, J. (2024). Navigating Silence and Barriers: Understanding the Impact of Family Collectivism, Cultural Complexities, and Microaggressions on API Student Survivors’ Experiences of Sexual Violence and Harassment. Oral Presentation. Sexual Violence Research Initiative (SVRI) Forums.
Bentacourt, S., Lai, J., Lee, J., Park, E., & Wagman, J. (2024). Policy Brief Presentation: API College Students at the Intersection of Sexual Violence and Anti-Asian Racism. Oral Presentation. AAPI Data Summit.
Park, E., Lai, J., Lee, J., Gandhi, R., Logan, M., Massey, A., & Wagman, J. (2024). Impact of gendered and racialized microaggressions on mental healthoutcomes among Asian and Pacific Islander female collegestudents who have experienced sexual violence. Oral Presentation, APHA 2024 Annual Meeting and Expo.
Feng, R., Li, Z., Soltys, M, & Freetly Porter, E. (August, 2024). International Students Experiences of Gender-Based. Violence and Institutional Betrayal [Poster Presentation]. APA 2024, Seattle, WA, United States.
Linder, C. (2024). Understanding the impact of a Clery timely warning on a campus community. Research presented at the Utah Clery Compliance Officers Symposium. Salt Lake City, UT.
Moylan, C. A., & Nason, J. A. (2024, Jan 10-14). Cultivating institutional courage as an intervention to address workplace incivility and sexual misconduct. Society for Social Work and Research Conference. Washington, D.C., USA. https://sswr.org/2024-conference-home/
Goertzen, G. (2024, October 10-12). Institutional betrayal: Faith communities and domestic violence. The North American Association of Christians in Social Work Conference. Dallas, TX, USA. https://www.nacsw.org/whovaagenda/
Warner, M. (2023). The Role of Birth Plans in Shaping Birth and Birth Inequality. Medical Sociology Section Paper Presentation on “Reproductive Justice, Health, and Healthcare” at The Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association.